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| The largest biological sample evaluation machine on Earth is the [[https://www.bnl.gov/ps/accelerator/ | National Synchrotron Light Source ]] [[ [https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/factsheets/files/pdf/nsls-ii.pdf | (fact sheet)]] at Brookhaven Labs in New York. This 700 meter circumference ring circulates 500mA of 3 GeV electrons, feeding 60 beamlines (24 in use) that produce (among other things) spectrally pure X-rays for nanometer-resolution crystallography. This can produce exquisitely accurate 3D maps of the atoms in a protein, for example. Though crystallography measures crystals made of thousands of identical molecules, future techniques may resolve smaller samples using similar high energy machines. | The largest biological sample evaluation machine on Earth is the [[https://www.bnl.gov/ps/accelerator/ | National Synchrotron Light Source ]] [[ https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/factsheets/files/pdf/nsls-ii.pdf | (fact sheet)]] at Brookhaven Labs in New York. This 700 meter circumference ring circulates 500mA of 3 GeV electrons, feeding 60 beamlines (24 in use) that produce (among other things) spectrally pure X-rays for nanometer-resolution crystallography. This can produce exquisitely accurate 3D maps of the atoms in a protein, for example. Though crystallography measures crystals made of thousands of identical molecules, future techniques may resolve smaller samples using similar high energy machines. |
Deimos Synchrotron Light Source
A launch loop can send the components of massive scientific instruments to Deimos (or Phobos), to help scientists evaluate samples lifted from Mars for potential biomolecule evaluation. Humans must not contaminate Mars, but mission planning and sample return to Earth takes years, while a typical !PhD thesis may require dozens of sequential sample evaluations in a few years. Even if the experimenter is on Earth and the "lab assistants" are robots near Mars, the sample cycle should be days, not decades.
The largest biological sample evaluation machine on Earth is the National Synchrotron Light Source (fact sheet) at Brookhaven Labs in New York. This 700 meter circumference ring circulates 500mA of 3 GeV electrons, feeding 60 beamlines (24 in use) that produce (among other things) spectrally pure X-rays for nanometer-resolution crystallography. This can produce exquisitely accurate 3D maps of the atoms in a protein, for example. Though crystallography measures crystals made of thousands of identical molecules, future techniques may resolve smaller samples using similar high energy machines.
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