= LossMechanismsHarnett =

 * Loss mechanisms
 * Non-Thermal Mechanisms
 * Photochemical Escape : Very important in current atmosphere
 * • EUV + chemistry
  * CO2+ +O ⇒ O2+ + CO
  * O2+ + e ⇒ 2 O*
 * Ion Pick-up : Carried downstream or reimpact the atmosphere
 * Sputtering : May have been very important in early atmosphere
 * Bulk Removal : Wave/plasma instabilities at solar wind/ionosphere boundary